"""Utilities to get a password and/or the current user name.
getpass(prompt[, stream]) - Prompt for a password, with echo turned off.
getuser() - Get the user name from the environment or password database.
GetPassWarning - This UserWarning is issued when getpass() cannot prevent
echoing of the password contents while reading.
On Windows, the msvcrt module will be used.
"""
# Authors: Piers Lauder (original)
# Guido van Rossum (Windows support and cleanup)
# Gregory P. Smith (tty support & GetPassWarning)
import contextlib
import io
import os
import sys
__all__ = ["getpass","getuser","GetPassWarning"]
class GetPassWarning(UserWarning): pass
def unix_getpass(prompt='Password: ', stream=None):
"""Prompt for a password, with echo turned off.
Args:
prompt: Written on stream to ask for the input. Default: 'Password: '
stream: A writable file object to display the prompt. Defaults to
the tty. If no tty is available defaults to sys.stderr.
Returns:
The seKr3t input.
Raises:
EOFError: If our input tty or stdin was closed.
GetPassWarning: When we were unable to turn echo off on the input.
Always restores terminal settings before returning.
"""
passwd = None
with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
try:
# Always try reading and writing directly on the tty first.
fd = os.open('/dev/tty', os.O_RDWR|os.O_NOCTTY)
tty = io.FileIO(fd, 'w+')
stack.enter_context(tty)
input = io.TextIOWrapper(tty)
stack.enter_context(input)
if not stream:
stream = input
except OSError:
# If that fails, see if stdin can be controlled.
stack.close()
try:
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
except (AttributeError, ValueError):
fd = None
passwd = fallback_getpass(prompt, stream)
input = sys.stdin
if not stream:
stream = sys.stderr
if fd is not None:
try:
old = termios.tcgetattr(fd) # a copy to save
new = old[:]
new[3] &= ~termios.ECHO # 3 == 'lflags'
tcsetattr_flags = termios.TCSAFLUSH
if hasattr(termios, 'TCSASOFT'):
tcsetattr_flags |= termios.TCSASOFT
try:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, tcsetattr_flags, new)
passwd = _raw_input(prompt, stream, input=input)
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, tcsetattr_flags, old)
stream.flush() # issue7208
except termios.error:
if passwd is not None:
# _raw_input succeeded. The final tcsetattr failed. Reraise
# instead of leaving the terminal in an unknown state.
raise
# We can't control the tty or stdin. Give up and use normal IO.
# fallback_getpass() raises an appropriate warning.
if stream is not input:
# clean up unused file objects before blocking
stack.close()
passwd = fallback_getpass(prompt, stream)
stream.write('\n')
return passwd
def win_getpass(prompt='Password: ', stream=None):
"""Prompt for password with echo off, using Windows getwch()."""
if sys.stdin is not sys.__stdin__:
return fallback_getpass(prompt, stream)
for c in prompt:
msvcrt.putwch(c)
pw = ""
while 1:
c = msvcrt.getwch()
if c == '\r' or c == '\n':
break
if c == '\003':
raise KeyboardInterrupt
if c == '\b':
pw = pw[:-1]
else:
pw = pw + c
msvcrt.putwch('\r')
msvcrt.putwch('\n')
return pw
def fallback_getpass(prompt='Password: ', stream=None):
import warnings
warnings.warn("Can not control echo on the terminal.", GetPassWarning,
stacklevel=2)
if not stream:
stream = sys.stderr
print("Warning: Password input may be echoed.", file=stream)
return _raw_input(prompt, stream)
def _raw_input(prompt="", stream=None, input=None):
# This doesn't save the string in the GNU readline history.
if not stream:
stream = sys.stderr
if not input:
input = sys.stdin
prompt = str(prompt)
if prompt:
try:
stream.write(prompt)
except UnicodeEncodeError:
# Use replace error handler to get as much as possible printed.
prompt = prompt.encode(stream.encoding, 'replace')
prompt = prompt.decode(stream.encoding)
stream.write(prompt)
stream.flush()
# NOTE: The Python C API calls flockfile() (and unlock) during readline.
line = input.readline()
if not line:
raise EOFError
if line[-1] == '\n':
line = line[:-1]
return line
def getuser():
"""Get the username from the environment or password database.
First try various environment variables, then the password
database. This works on Windows as long as USERNAME is set.
Any failure to find a username raises OSError.
.. versionchanged:: 3.13
Previously, various exceptions beyond just :exc:`OSError`
were raised.
"""
for name in ('LOGNAME', 'USER', 'LNAME', 'USERNAME'):
user = os.environ.get(name)
if user:
return user
try:
import pwd
return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
except (ImportError, KeyError) as e:
raise OSError('No username set in the environment') from e
# Bind the name getpass to the appropriate function
try:
import termios
# it's possible there is an incompatible termios from the
# McMillan Installer, make sure we have a UNIX-compatible termios
termios.tcgetattr, termios.tcsetattr
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
try:
import msvcrt
except ImportError:
getpass = fallback_getpass
else:
getpass = win_getpass
else:
getpass = unix_getpass
